A: List the major ideas, concepts or key points- point by point
B: Summarize the AUTHOR’s main point or idea- at LEAST 1-2 paragraphs
Millions of Americans have moved to coastal areas, particularly in the Southeast to take advantage of their balmy climate, recreational opportunities and natural beauty.
Growing number of beaches and shellfish beds along the coast have been contaminated by disease-causing-microorganisms coming from animal and human wastes. The reason for 85% of closures and advisories was the detection of excessive counts of fecal bacteria in beach waters. Waterborne microbes move downstream with animal feces in storm water runoff or human waste in sewage overflows and septic-tank leaks. When it rains, water flows over the surfaces, picking up animal feces and other pollutants and wash them down to drainages ditches or storm drains, leading directly to lakes, creeks or beach areas. Wetlands need to be preserved and enlarge to maintain natural filtering of storm water runoff
C: Write a reaction paragraph to the article stating your own thoughts on the topic, using specific citations from the article to support your views
After reading this article I've learned that having fecal bacteria in our waters is a problem. Storm water runoff isn't treated it carries fertilizers, pesticides, heavy metals and petrochemicals, but it's the disease-causing microbes-the bacteria, viruses and protozoa from feces that pose a threat to human health. Microscopic algae can concentrate the harmful organisms that are present in water.Humans that eat food that are contaminated with fecal microbes might have a risk of getting gastroenteritis. What we should do is get people educated and aware of this topic before it's too late. Developers should take advantage of new technologies that can reduce storm water runoff and treat it on site.
So what?:
Says who?:
What if?... we don't do anything to stop this:
What does this remind me of?: Carbon dioxide. Too much carbon dioxide can cause our ocean to become too acidic, causing shells of marine species to dissolve
- Disease causing microorganisms are growing in population along coastlines due to unchecked amount of people moving towards coasts
- 85% of beach closures in 2004 were due to fecal bacteria in the water
- Waterborne microbes can cause liver cancer, respiratory infections, and fatal gastrointestinal disorders
- When the surface is compacted by heavy materials, the rain will carry animal feces and other materials to bodies of water
- If humans are to consume shellfish from waters contaminated by fecal material, there is risk of man severe life threatening illnesses
- In areas of high vegetation, water is able to seep through the soil removing fecal bacteria and viruses
- How to reduce microbial pollution? Issue led to conflicts pitting developers and pro-growth politicians against regulatory authorities, commercial and recreational shellfishers,surfers, swimmers, divers and conservationists.
- Innovative solutions are available: "Smart Growth" strategies can restore polluted coastlines and provide economic benefits as well
- Adoption of reasonable controls on coastal development would safeguard the shoreline economy as much as it would protect the public's health.
- In 2004, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration noted that 153 million Americans lived in the countries bordering the seacoasts and the Great Lakes which make up only 17 percent of continental U.S land area.
- In the Florida keys, waste can pass through septic tanks and soil and enter the water within hours
- Fecal bacteria counts in bays and tributaries increase sharply with outgoing tide
- During times of heavy rain such as El -nino, there is more fecal bacteria and viruses in the water in comparison to dry years
- The extent of shores that were likely to fail safety standards were .0 times greater following rainfall
- It is better to minimize amount of paved surfaces and maximize amount of vegetation
- If wetland coverage was 13.5% of area, rainfall doesn't increase fecal bacteria count
- Sediments can physically and chemically bind with pollutants such as phosphate, metals, fecal bacteria and viruses
- Binding to soil protects it from getting killed by ultraviolet radiation.
- Microbes can survive for extended periods in sediment because they are protected from ultraviolet radiation and have ready access to nutrients.
- High concentrations of fecal microbes in sediments found near several public boat ramps
- Poorly designed sanitation systems con contribute to microbial pollution.
- Heavy rains cause overflows that dump untreated human waste into rivers, lakes and bays
- A new dilemma is emerging: in coastal areas where resident do not have sewage hookups and must put waste in septic tanks instead.
- Erin K. Lipp and her colleagues determined that Florida Gulf Coast communities, fecal bacteria counts in bays and tributaries increase with the outgoing tide.
- Driving factor is often waste in livestock farms
- Facilities of livestock dispose of manure by spraying it as a liquid or spreading it as litter on fields.
- When this happens, fecal microbes from waste can enter nearby streams
- Designers must minimize use of impervious surfaces and maximize amount of vegetated areas when planning new places.
B: Summarize the AUTHOR’s main point or idea- at LEAST 1-2 paragraphs
Millions of Americans have moved to coastal areas, particularly in the Southeast to take advantage of their balmy climate, recreational opportunities and natural beauty.
Growing number of beaches and shellfish beds along the coast have been contaminated by disease-causing-microorganisms coming from animal and human wastes. The reason for 85% of closures and advisories was the detection of excessive counts of fecal bacteria in beach waters. Waterborne microbes move downstream with animal feces in storm water runoff or human waste in sewage overflows and septic-tank leaks. When it rains, water flows over the surfaces, picking up animal feces and other pollutants and wash them down to drainages ditches or storm drains, leading directly to lakes, creeks or beach areas. Wetlands need to be preserved and enlarge to maintain natural filtering of storm water runoff
C: Write a reaction paragraph to the article stating your own thoughts on the topic, using specific citations from the article to support your views
After reading this article I've learned that having fecal bacteria in our waters is a problem. Storm water runoff isn't treated it carries fertilizers, pesticides, heavy metals and petrochemicals, but it's the disease-causing microbes-the bacteria, viruses and protozoa from feces that pose a threat to human health. Microscopic algae can concentrate the harmful organisms that are present in water.Humans that eat food that are contaminated with fecal microbes might have a risk of getting gastroenteritis. What we should do is get people educated and aware of this topic before it's too late. Developers should take advantage of new technologies that can reduce storm water runoff and treat it on site.
So what?:
- Fecal material in the water is bad
- It harms humans and our beaches
Says who?:
- Michael A. Mallin
What if?... we don't do anything to stop this:
- The waters wouldn't be safe
- More humans would get sick
- Beaches would be closed
What does this remind me of?: Carbon dioxide. Too much carbon dioxide can cause our ocean to become too acidic, causing shells of marine species to dissolve