1: Pg. 65- The corn plant has colonized how much of the American continent?
120,000 square miles
2: Pg. 66-67- How have America’s food animals undergone a revolution in lifestyle?
Due to the urbanization of humans, the animals went to compacted animal cities and humans took over their land
3: Pg. 67- What is a CAFO?
The Concentrated Animal Feed Operation.
4: Pg. 67- What happened to the all of the farmland once the animals left? Where did all of the corn go?
The farmland that was once for the animals were used to grow more corn. The corn went in places like the paddocks, pastures and barnyards that used to be animal territory.
5: Pg. 68- What is the idea of a closed ecological loop?
Waste does not exist in the loop
6: Pg. 68- What are the two main problems with animal feedlots?
Animal feedlots cause fertility problems where it must be remedied with chemical fertilizers and a pollution problem.
7. Pg 70- What is the coevolutionary relationship between cows and grass? Explain.
Cows have stomachs who can turn grass into more grass by fermentation. When cows eat the grass, grass seeds spread and are fertilized by the cow manure. This allows grass to grow more and not be taken over by trees and shrubs
8. Pg. 71- Why would pastures become “the great American desert” without ruminant animals?
The land is dry and arid and contains low quality faun which the cows and ruminant animal turn into something valuable
9. Pg. 71- What gets a steer from 80 to 1,000 pounds in just 14 months?
The tremendous quantities of corn, protein and fat supplements and an arsenal of new drugs got a steer from 80 pounds to 1,000 pounds.
10. Pg. 71- Why is weaning the calves the most traumatic time on the ranch?
The cows that are separated for weaning causes the calves to mope and bellow for days.
11. Pg. 73- What is the only reason contemporary animal cities aren’t as plague-ridden or pestilential as their medieval human counterparts?
The only reason contemporary animal cities aren't plague-ridden or pestilential as their medieval human counterparts is because of the modern antibiotic.
12. Pg. 73- “So if the modern CAFO is a city built upon commodity corn, it is a city afloat on an invisible sea of _______”
petroleum
13. Pg. 75- Why is corn fed meat less healthy for us?
Humans have not adapted to ruminants that eat corn. These ruminants also had to adapt to eating corn.
14. Pg. 75- What practice of feeding cows led to the “Mad Cow Disease”?
Feeding cow parts back to cows caused mad cow disease.
15. Pg. 77- How are we choosing which cows we want to select to breed?
We are choosing which cows we want to select breed based on eating a large amount of corn they would eat and if they can efficiently convert it to a protein without getting sick.
16. Pg. 77- What is the #1 ailment found with cows fed on corn? Why- explain.
The #1 ailment found with cows fed on corn are bloat. The fermentation of the rumen produces a lot of gas which can be trapped if a slimy layer forms. The rumen inflates and presses against the animal lungs.
17. Pg. 78- What is acidosis and what does it cause in the cow?
When the stomach of an animal is acidic. It causes the cow to go off their feed, pant and salivate excessively and eat dirt. It can also lead to diarrhea bloat, rumenitis, liver disease and weakening of immune system.
18. Pg. 78- What percentage of cows at slaughterhouses are found to have abscessed livers?
Between 15 and 30 percent of feedlot cows are found to have abscessed livers when in slaughterhouses.
19. Pg. 78- What is the leading causes of the evolution of antibiotic resistant superbugs?
Antibiotics that end up in animal feeds are leading to evolution of antibiotic-resistant superbugs.
20. Pg. 79- What chemicals are found in the “manure lagoon” on CAFO’s?
Chemicals found in manure lagoon are nitrogen and phosphorus, heavy metals, hormone residue and persistent chemicals.
21. Pg. 80- How many pounds of corn does it take to make 4 pounds of beef? What is the ratio for chicken?
It takes 32 pounds of corn to make 4 pounds of beef. The ratio for chicken is 2:1, or 8:4.
22. Pg. 82- How has the new strain of E. Coli (O157: H7) evolved and what is the problem with it? How can this problem be fixed?
It evolved in the intestines of the cow. It is lethal to humans and cannot be rid of. It can be fixed by allowing the cattle to eat grass a few days before slaughter
23. Pg. 82- How are the costs associated with the CAFO’s externalized? Explain.
It takes money from taxpayers, cost of public health infections, and adds to the oxygen depleted zone of the Gulf of Mexico
24. Pg. 83- Discuss the path of corn backward from the corn fields and discuss the implications.
The corn starts in the fields a monoculture under rain of pesticide and fertilizer. The nitrogen runs off into rivers and lakes. The fertilizer needed to grow the corn finds itself all the way to the oil fields. The implication is that it takes a lot to grow corn and growing corn has a lot of consequences to it.
25. Pg. 83- How much of America’s petroleum usage goes to producing and transporting our food?
1/5 of the petrouleum.
26. Pg. 84- If a cow reaches his full weight- how much “oil” will he have consumed in lifetime?
35 gallons
27. Pg. 84- “You are what you eat” is a truism hard to argue with, and yet it is, as a visit to a feedlot suggests, incomplete, for you are what what you eat eats, too. And what we are, or have become, is not just meat but number 2 corn and oil- Discuss.
Because of the things they do to our meat and what they put in to it doesn't just end there. When us humans consume food that is made out of that meat we get whatever comes with the meat. So were not just eating meat, but the amount of oils and corn in the cow. The quote is telling us that everything that we consume whatever what were eating consumes
120,000 square miles
2: Pg. 66-67- How have America’s food animals undergone a revolution in lifestyle?
Due to the urbanization of humans, the animals went to compacted animal cities and humans took over their land
3: Pg. 67- What is a CAFO?
The Concentrated Animal Feed Operation.
4: Pg. 67- What happened to the all of the farmland once the animals left? Where did all of the corn go?
The farmland that was once for the animals were used to grow more corn. The corn went in places like the paddocks, pastures and barnyards that used to be animal territory.
5: Pg. 68- What is the idea of a closed ecological loop?
Waste does not exist in the loop
6: Pg. 68- What are the two main problems with animal feedlots?
Animal feedlots cause fertility problems where it must be remedied with chemical fertilizers and a pollution problem.
7. Pg 70- What is the coevolutionary relationship between cows and grass? Explain.
Cows have stomachs who can turn grass into more grass by fermentation. When cows eat the grass, grass seeds spread and are fertilized by the cow manure. This allows grass to grow more and not be taken over by trees and shrubs
8. Pg. 71- Why would pastures become “the great American desert” without ruminant animals?
The land is dry and arid and contains low quality faun which the cows and ruminant animal turn into something valuable
9. Pg. 71- What gets a steer from 80 to 1,000 pounds in just 14 months?
The tremendous quantities of corn, protein and fat supplements and an arsenal of new drugs got a steer from 80 pounds to 1,000 pounds.
10. Pg. 71- Why is weaning the calves the most traumatic time on the ranch?
The cows that are separated for weaning causes the calves to mope and bellow for days.
11. Pg. 73- What is the only reason contemporary animal cities aren’t as plague-ridden or pestilential as their medieval human counterparts?
The only reason contemporary animal cities aren't plague-ridden or pestilential as their medieval human counterparts is because of the modern antibiotic.
12. Pg. 73- “So if the modern CAFO is a city built upon commodity corn, it is a city afloat on an invisible sea of _______”
petroleum
13. Pg. 75- Why is corn fed meat less healthy for us?
Humans have not adapted to ruminants that eat corn. These ruminants also had to adapt to eating corn.
14. Pg. 75- What practice of feeding cows led to the “Mad Cow Disease”?
Feeding cow parts back to cows caused mad cow disease.
15. Pg. 77- How are we choosing which cows we want to select to breed?
We are choosing which cows we want to select breed based on eating a large amount of corn they would eat and if they can efficiently convert it to a protein without getting sick.
16. Pg. 77- What is the #1 ailment found with cows fed on corn? Why- explain.
The #1 ailment found with cows fed on corn are bloat. The fermentation of the rumen produces a lot of gas which can be trapped if a slimy layer forms. The rumen inflates and presses against the animal lungs.
17. Pg. 78- What is acidosis and what does it cause in the cow?
When the stomach of an animal is acidic. It causes the cow to go off their feed, pant and salivate excessively and eat dirt. It can also lead to diarrhea bloat, rumenitis, liver disease and weakening of immune system.
18. Pg. 78- What percentage of cows at slaughterhouses are found to have abscessed livers?
Between 15 and 30 percent of feedlot cows are found to have abscessed livers when in slaughterhouses.
19. Pg. 78- What is the leading causes of the evolution of antibiotic resistant superbugs?
Antibiotics that end up in animal feeds are leading to evolution of antibiotic-resistant superbugs.
20. Pg. 79- What chemicals are found in the “manure lagoon” on CAFO’s?
Chemicals found in manure lagoon are nitrogen and phosphorus, heavy metals, hormone residue and persistent chemicals.
21. Pg. 80- How many pounds of corn does it take to make 4 pounds of beef? What is the ratio for chicken?
It takes 32 pounds of corn to make 4 pounds of beef. The ratio for chicken is 2:1, or 8:4.
22. Pg. 82- How has the new strain of E. Coli (O157: H7) evolved and what is the problem with it? How can this problem be fixed?
It evolved in the intestines of the cow. It is lethal to humans and cannot be rid of. It can be fixed by allowing the cattle to eat grass a few days before slaughter
23. Pg. 82- How are the costs associated with the CAFO’s externalized? Explain.
It takes money from taxpayers, cost of public health infections, and adds to the oxygen depleted zone of the Gulf of Mexico
24. Pg. 83- Discuss the path of corn backward from the corn fields and discuss the implications.
The corn starts in the fields a monoculture under rain of pesticide and fertilizer. The nitrogen runs off into rivers and lakes. The fertilizer needed to grow the corn finds itself all the way to the oil fields. The implication is that it takes a lot to grow corn and growing corn has a lot of consequences to it.
25. Pg. 83- How much of America’s petroleum usage goes to producing and transporting our food?
1/5 of the petrouleum.
26. Pg. 84- If a cow reaches his full weight- how much “oil” will he have consumed in lifetime?
35 gallons
27. Pg. 84- “You are what you eat” is a truism hard to argue with, and yet it is, as a visit to a feedlot suggests, incomplete, for you are what what you eat eats, too. And what we are, or have become, is not just meat but number 2 corn and oil- Discuss.
Because of the things they do to our meat and what they put in to it doesn't just end there. When us humans consume food that is made out of that meat we get whatever comes with the meat. So were not just eating meat, but the amount of oils and corn in the cow. The quote is telling us that everything that we consume whatever what were eating consumes